Atualização sobre o uso de probióticos no tratamento de doenças neurológicas
Resumo
A microbiota do sistema digestório pode ter relação com o surgimento de diferentes doenças do sistema nervoso. Diante disto, surgiu a hipótese segundo a qual seria viável tratar pacientes portadores dessas doenças com probióticos. O objetivo deste artigo é informar à comunidade científica sobre o uso de microrganismos no tratamento de doenças neurológicas, ao listar características dos probióticos e demonstrar seu uso na terapêutica dessas doenças para avaliar sua eficiência. A partir de pesquisas em bases de dados on-line (PubMed, LILACS, Scielo e Science direct) em português e inglês, selecionaram-se 17 estudos, e a maioria constatou efeitos benéficos dos probióticos no tratamento de algumas doenças neurológicas. Entretanto, ainda é muito cedo para afirmar que se pode utilizar probióticos na terapia, adjunta ou isoladamente, visto que os efeitos observados não são suficientemente significativos para justificar o uso.
Palavras-chave: probióticos; Alzheimer; Parkinson; depressão; ansiedade.
Abstract
The digestive’s system microbiota can be related to different nervous system diseases. Therefore, the hypothesis that it would be feasible to treat patients with these diseases with probiotics has arisen. This article objective is to inform the scientific community about microorganisms' use in neurological diseases’ treatment, by listing probiotics characteristics and demonstrating their use in these diseases’ treatment to evaluate their efficiency. From searches in online databases (PubMed, LILACS, Scielo and Science direct) in Portuguese and English, 17 studies were selected, and most found beneficial effects of probiotics in some neurological diseases’ treatment. However, it is still too early to say that probiotics can be used in therapy, adjunctively or alone, since the effects observed are not significant enough to justify their use.
Keywords: probiotics; Alzheimer; Parkinson; depression; anxiety.
Resumen
La microbiota del sistema digestivo puede tener relación con el surgimiento de diferentes enfermedades del sistema nervioso. Frente a eso, surge la hipótesis según la cual sería viable tratar a pacientes portadores de esas enfermedades con probiótico. El objetivo de este artículo es informar a la comunidad científica sobre el uso de microorganismos en el tratamiento de enfermedades neurológicas, presentando características de los probióticos y demostrando su uso en la terapia de esas enfermedades para evaluar su eficiencia. A partir de investigaciones en bases de datos online (PubMed, LILACS, Scielo y Science direct), en portugués e inglés, se seleccionaron 17 estudios; la mayoría constató efectos benéficos de los probióticos en el tratamiento de algunas enfermedades neurológicas. Sin embargo, aún es temprano para afirmar que se pueden utilizar probióticos en la terapia, en forma conjunta o solos, visto que los efectos observados no son suficientemente significativos para justificar su uso.
Palabras-clave: probióticos; Alzheimer; Parkinson; depresión; ansiedad.
Downloads
Referências
ABDRABOU, A. M.; OSMAN, E. Y.; ABOUBAKR, O. A. Comparative therapeutic efficacy study of Lactobacilli probiotics and citalopram in treatment of acute stress-induced depression in lab murine models. Human Microbiome Journal, [s.l.], v. 10, p. 33-36, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327626998_Comparative_therapeutic_efficacy_study_of_Lactobacilli_probiotics_and_Citalopram_in_treatment_of_acute_stress-induced_depression_in_lab_murine_models. Acesso em: 7 out. 2021.
AKBARI, L. et al. Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Metabolic Status in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blindand Controlled Trial. Frontiers in Aging Neurocience, New Yourk, v. 8, n. 256, p. 1-8, 2016. DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2016.00256
AZM, S. A. N. et al. Probiotics improve insulin resistance status in na experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease. Medical jornal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, v. 31, p. 103, 2017. DOI 10.14196/mjiri.31.103
BOING, A. C. et al. Acesso a medicamentos no setor público: análise de usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro, v. 29, n. 4, p. 691-701, 2013. DOI https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2013000400007
BONFILI, L. et al. Gut microbiota manipulation through probiotics oral administration restores glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiology of Aging, [s.l.], v. 87, p. 35-43, 2020. DOI 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.11.004
BOSTANCIKLIOGLU, M. The role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Applied Microbiology, [s.l.], v. 127, n. 4, p. 954-967, 2019. DOI: 10.1111/jam.14264
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Alzheimer: o que é, causas, sintomas, tratamento, diagnóstico e prevenção. [s.l.], [s.d.]. Disponível em: https://antigo.saude.gov.br/saude-de-a-z/alzheimer. Acesso em: 7 out. 2021.
CAPUTI, V.; GIRON, M. C. Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis and Toll-Like Receptors in Parkinson’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Basel, v. 19, n. 6, p. 1689, 2018. DOI 10.3390/ijms19061689
CASTILHO, A. R. G. L. et al. Transtornos de ansiedade. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro, v. 22, n. 2, p. 20-23, 2000. Suplemento. DOI https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462000000600006
CEPEDA, M. S.; KATZ, E. G.; BLACKETER, C. Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotics and Their Association With Depression. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, [s.l.], v. 29, n. 1, p. 39-44, 2017. DOI 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.15120410
DUTTA, S. K. et al. Parkinson’s Disease: The Emerging Role of Gut Dysbiosis, Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, [s.l.], v. 25, n. 3, p. 363-376, 2019. DOI 10.5056/jnm19044
FANG, X. Microbial treatment: the potential application for Parkinson’s disease. Neurological Sciences, [s.l.], v. 40, n. 1, p. 51-58, 2019. DOI 10.1007/s10072-018-3641-6
GAZERANI, P. Probiotics for Parkinson’s Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Basel, v. 20, n. 17, p. 4121, 2019. DOI 10.3390/ijms20174121
HERMAN, A. Probiotics supplementation in prophylaxis and treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders – review of current research. Psychiatria Polska, Warszawa, v. 53, n. 2, p. 459-473, 2019. DOI 10.12740/PP/92392
HUANG, R.; WANG, K.; HU, J. Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, [s.l.], v. 8, n. 8, p. 483, 2016. DOI 10.3390/nu8080483
KHLEVNER, J.; PARK, Y.; MARGOLIS, K. G. Brain–Gut Axis Clinical Implications. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, [s.l.], v. 47, n. 4, p. 727-739, 2018. DOI 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.07.002
KIM, C. S.; SHIN, D. M. Probiotic food consumption is associated with lower severity and prevalence of depression: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Nutrition, [s.l.], v. 63-64, p. 169-174, 2019. DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.007
KIM, S. et al. Role of Probiotics in Human Gut Microbiome-Associated Diseases. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Seul, v. 29, n. 9, p. 1335-1340, 2019. DOI 10.4014/jmb.1906.06064
KOWALSKI, K.; MULAK, A. Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, [s.l.], v. 25, n. 1, p. 48-60, 2019. DOI 10.5056/jnm18087
KRINGS, A. et al. Attentional biases in depression: Relation to disorder severity, rumination, and anhedonia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, [s.l.], v. 100, p. 152173, 2020. DOI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152173
LANGE, K. W. et al. Diet and medical foods in Parkinson’s disease. Food Science and Human Wellness, [s.l.], v. 8, p. 83-95, 2019. DOI 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.006
LEBLHUBER, F. et al. Probiotic Supplementation in Patients with Alzheimer’s Dementia – Na Explorative Intervention Study. Current Alzheimer Research, Beijin, v. 15, n. 12, p. 1106-1113, 2018. DOI 10.2174/1389200219666180813144834
MACHADO, K. Uso de probióticos en el tratamiento y la prevención de diarrea aguda em niños. Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay, Montevideo, v. 91, n. 1, p. 36-45, 2020. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.31134/ap.91.1.6
MA, Q. et al. Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis. Journal of Neuroinflammation, [s.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 53, 2019. DOI 10.1186/s12974-019-1434-3
MARKOWIAK, P.; SLIZEWSKA, K. Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health. Nutrients, [s.l.], v. 9, n. 9, p, 1021, 2017. DOI 10.3390/nu9091021
MORAES, A. L. F. et al. Suplementação com probióticos e depressão: estratégia terapêutica? Revista de Ciências Médicas, Campinas, v. 28, n. 1, p. 31-47, 2019. DOI https://doi.org/10.24220/2318-0897v28n1a4455
NISHIDA, A. et al. Gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology, New York (?), v. 11, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2018. DOI 10.1007/s12328-017-0813-5
PIMENTA, Tatiana. Teste de depressão, ansiedade e estresse: DASS-21 revela que 86% dos respondentes têm algum transtorno mental. Vittude Blog. 5 ago. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.vittude.com/blog/teste-de-depressao/. Acesso em: 7 out. 2021.
REIS, D. J.; ILARDI, S. S.; PUNT, S. E. W. The anxiolytic effect of probiotics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical and preclinical literature. PLOS ONE, California, v. 13, n. 6, e0199041, 2018. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199041
SAAD, S. M. I. Probióticos e prebióticos: o estado da arte. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas, São Paulo, v. 42, n. 1, p. 1-16, 2006. DOI https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-93322006000100002
SHARON, G. et al. The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome. Cell, Cambridge, v. 167, n. 4, p. 915-932, 2016. DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.027
SIEGEL, M. P.; CONKLIN, S. M. Acute intake of B. longum probiotic does not reduce stress, anxiety, or depression in young adults: A pilot study. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity – Health, [s.l.], v. 2, p. 10029, 2020. DOI 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100029
SLYKERMAN, R. F. et al. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in Pregnancy on Postpartum Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial. EBioMedicine, [s.l.], v. 24, p. 159-165, 2017. DOI 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.013
SOUZA, M. T.; SILVA, M. D.; CARVALHO, R. Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer. Einstein, São Paulo, v. 8, n. 1, p. 102-106, 2010. DOI https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-45082010RW1134
SU, I. Clinical Uses of Probiotics. Medicine, Baltimore, v. 95, n. 5, e2658, 2016. DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000002658
UYAR, G. O.; YILDIRAN, H. A nutritional approach to microbiota in Parkinson’s disease. Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health, [s.l.], v. 38, n. 4, p. 115-17, 2019. DOI 10.12938/bmfh.19-002
WANG, H.; WANG, Y. Gut Microbiota‑brain Axis. Chinese Medical Journal, [s.l.], v. 129, n. 19, p. 2373-2380, 2016. DOI 10.4103/0366-6999.190667
